2018-08-27 The login form of a web application has this following tooltip: ``The username must neither start nor end with spaces.'' Why? It is fully unnecessary to present this information to the user. In this case all login names are email addresses anyway. Leading and trailing whitespace makes never sense for email addresses. Thus, a simple trim() function applied onto the value of the username form field will ensure to remove all leading and trail- ing whitespace. So, why bother the user? ... when there is no need to do so! Programmers need to develop such thinking perspectives! http://marmaro.de/lue/ markus schnalke