2016-02-02 I like a lot that the PHP documentation is so readily accessible online: php.net/foo. This is just like accessing man pages. Every system a programmer works with should have its documentation ac- cessible so directly. But the quality of the PHP docs is much lower than the quality of most man pages. Take this one, which demonstrates well what I mean: http://php.net/fileperms // Owner $info .= (($perms & 0x0100) ? 'r' : '-'); $info .= (($perms & 0x0080) ? 'w' : '-'); $info .= (($perms & 0x0040) ? (($perms & 0x0800) ? 's' : 'x' ) : (($perms & 0x0800) ? 'S' : '-')); Using hex to calculate bits in Unix file permissions, is a clear indication that the author of this example has not understood the concept of the permission storage in Unix. Compare it to this version in octal: // Owner $info .= (($perms & 00400) ? 'r' : '-'); $info .= (($perms & 00200) ? 'w' : '-'); $info .= (($perms & 00100) ? (($perms & 04000) ? 's' : 'x' ) : (($perms & 04000) ? 'S' : '-')); Looks much clearer and more sensible this way, doesn't it? http://marmaro.de/lue/ markus schnalke